Shabako
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Shabako - Sri Caitanya Das
Neferkara Shabako, o Sabaco, fue un faraón Kushita de la dinastía XXV de Egipto; gobernó de ca. 716 a 702 a. C.[1] durante el Tercer periodo intermedio de Egipto.
Manetón lo denominó Sabacon y comentó que tras capturar a Bokkoris, y quemarlo vivo, reinó ocho años, según Julio Africano, en versión de Sincelo, o doce años (Eusebio de Cesarea, versión armenia). Fue denominado Sabacos por Heródoto (II, 37).
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Biografía [editar]
Shabako sucede en el trono a su hermano Pianjy (Piye).
Capitanea una nueva invasión a Egipto y lucha por mantenerlo libre de la dominación del Imperio Asirio, bajo el rey Sargón II, una tarea que consiguió en gran parte porque Sargón estuvo ocupado por varios conflictos surgidos en otras regiones.
A pesar de estar recién llegados a Egipto, Shabako y su familia estaban muy interesados en el pasado de Egipto y el arte del período refleja un estilo que recordará a épocas más antiguas.
Shabako murió en el año decimoquinto de su reinado y fue enterrado en su pirámide de El Kurru. Le sucede su sobrino Shabitko, hijo de Pianjy, siguiendo la tradición Kushita de sucesión preferente entre hermanos, antes que al hijo del primer hermano.
Testimonios de su época [editar]
Durante el reinado de Shabako se emprendieron gran cantidad de trabajos edificatorios a lo largo de Egipto, especialmente en la ciudad de Tebas.
La denominada Piedra de Shabako, donde se registra que el rey ordenó preservar varios documentos del Imperio Antiguo, es el objeto más conocido de su reinado. En ella se describe la teología menfita.
- Varias edificaciones en Karnak (Arnold 1999: 47)
- Ampliaciones del templo de Luxor (Arnold 1999: 47)
- Ampliaciones del templo de Medinet Habu (Arnold 1999: 47)
- Varios bloques con su nombre en los templos de: Edfu, Abidos, Esna, Menfis (Arnold 1999: 50)
- Placa con el nombre de Neferkara (Museo Petrie, UC13205)
Titulatura [editar]
| Titulatura | Jeroglífico | Transliteración (transcripción) - traducción - (procedencia) |
| Nombre de Horus: |
| s b q t3uy (Sebeqtauy) Sebeqtauy (British Museum) |
| Nombre de Nebty: |
| s b q t3uy (Sebeqtauy) Sebeqtauy (British Museum) |
| Nombre de Hor-Nub: |
| s b q t3uy (Sebeqtauy) Sebeqtauy (British Museum) |
| Nombre de Nesut-Bity: |
| nfr k3 rˁ mr imn (Neferkara Meriamón) Bueno es el espíritu (Ka) de Ra (British Museum) |
| Nombre de Sa-Ra: |
| š3 b k3 (Shabaka) Shabako, Amado de Amón |
Notas [editar]
- ↑ Cronología según Grimal, Arnold y Shaw.
Referencias [editar]
- Arnold, Dieter (1999) Temples of the Last Pharaos. New York/Oxford.
- http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/shabako.html
- http://www.narmer.pl/indexen.htm
Enlaces externos [editar]
Wikimedia Commons alberga contenido multimedia sobre Shabako. Commons
| Predecesor: (Dinastía XXIII - Dinastía XXIV) - Pianjy | Faraón Dinastía XXV | Sucesor: Shabitko |
Shabaka
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contenido
| Shabaka | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Donation stela of Shabaka, on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art | |||||
| Pharaoh of Egypt | |||||
| Reign | 721–707/6 BC, 25th Dynasty | ||||
| Predecessor | Piye | ||||
| Successor | Shebitku | ||||
| Consort(s) | Abar, Qalhata | ||||
| Children | Tantamani, Haremakhet, Piankharty, Isetemkheb[2] | ||||
| Died | 707 or 706 BC | ||||
| Burial | el-Kurru | ||||
| Monuments | Shabaka Stone | ||||
Shabaka (or Shabaka Neferkare, 'Beautiful is the Soul of Re') was a Kushite pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, between (721 BC – 707/706 BC). He succeeded his brother Piye on the throne, and adopted the throne name of the 6th-dynasty ruler Pepi II. Shabaka's reign was initially dated from 716 BC to 702 BC by Kenneth Kitchen. However, new evidence indicates that Shabaka died around 707 or 706 BC because Sargon II (722-705 BC) of Assyria states in an official inscription at Tang-i Var (in Northwest Iran)--which is datable to 706 BC—that it was Shebitku, Shabaka's successor, who extradited Iamanni of Ashdod to him as king of Egypt.[3][4] This view has been accepted by many Egyptologists today such as Aidan Dodson,[5] Rolf Krauss, David Aston, and Karl Jansen-Winkeln among others because there is no concrete evidence for coregencies or internal political/regional divisions in the Nubian kingdom during the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. All contemporary records suggest that the Nubian Pharaohs ruled Egypt with only a single king on the throne, while Taharqa states explicitly on one of his Kawa stelas that he assumed power only after the death of his brother, Shebitku.[6]
Shabaka's reign is significant because he consolidated the Nubian Kingdom's control over all of Egypt from Nubia down to the Delta region. It also saw an enormous amount of building work undertaken throughout Egypt, especially at the city of Thebes. In Karnak he erected a pink granite statue of himself wearing the twin crowns of Egypt. Shabaka succeeded in preserving Egypt's independence from outside foreign powers especially the Assyrian empire under Sargon II. The most famous relic from Shabaka's reign is the Shabaka stone which records several Old Kingdom documents that the king ordered preserved.[7] Despite being relative newcomers to Egypt, Shabaka and his family were immensely interested in Egypt's past and the art of the period reflects their tastes which harked back to earlier periods. Shabaka would grant refuge to king Iamanni of Ashdod after the latter fled to Egypt following the suppression of his revolt by Assyria in 712 BC.
[edit] Death
Shabaka is assumed to have died in his 15th regnal year based on BM cube statue 24429, which is dated to Year 15, II Shemu day 11 of Shabaka's reign.[8] From the evidence of the Tang-i Var inscription, Shabaka was already dead by 707 or 706 BC.[9] He was buried in a pyramid at el-Kurru and was succeeded by his nephew Shebitku, Piye's son, following the Kushite tradition of succession from brother to brother, to son of the first brother. Shebitku would eventually be succeeded by Tantamuni—a son of Shabaka.
[edit] References
- ^ [1] King Shabako
- ^ Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2004, ISBN 0-500-05128-3 p.237
- ^ G. Frame, The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var, Orientalia 68 (1999), pp.31-57
- ^ Dan'el Kahn, "The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25," Orientalia 70 (2001), pp.1-3
- ^ Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88 (2002) p.182
- ^ Kawa Stela V, line 15
- ^ Shabaka stone
- ^ Kitchen, Kenneth A. (1996).The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition (Warminster: Aris & Phillips), pp.153-54
- ^ Karl Jansen-Winkeln, "The Third Intermediate Period" in Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss & David Warburton (editors), Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Handbook of Oriental Studies), Brill, 2006. p.259
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Category:Shabaka
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