"The King's Favourite and Master of Works, the Sculptor Thutmose" (also spelled Djhutmose and Thutmosis) is thought to have been the official court sculptor of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten in the latter part of his reign. A German archaeological expedition digging in Akhenaten's deserted city of Akhetaton, at Amarna, found a ruined house and studio complex (labeled P47.1-3) in early December 1912; the building was identified as that of Thutmose based on an ivory horse blinker found in a rubbish pit in the courtyard inscribed with his name and job title. Since it gave his occupation as "sculptor" and the building was clearly a sculpture workshop, it seemed a logical connection.
Among many other sculptural items recovered at the same time was the polychrome bust of Nefertiti, apparently a master study for others to copy, which was found on the floor of a storeroom. In addition to this now-famous bust twenty-two plaster casts of faces—some of which are full heads, others just the face—were found in Rooms 18/19 of the studio, with an additional one found in Room 14. Eight of these have been identified as various members of the royal family including Akhenaten, his other wife Kiya, his late father Amenhotep III, and his eventual successor Ay. The rest represent unknown individuals, presumably contemporary residents of Amarna.
A couple of the pieces found in the workshop depict images of older noblewomen which is rare in Ancient Egyptian art, which more often portrayed women in an idealized manner as always young, slender and beautiful. One of the plaster faces depicts an older woman, with wrinkles at the corner of her eyes and bags under them, and a deeply lined forehead. This piece has been described as showing "a greater variety of wrinkles than any other depiction of an elite woman from ancient Egypt" It is thought to represent the image of a wise, older woman. A small statue of an aging Nefertiti was also found in the workshop, depicting her with a rounded, drooping belly and thick thighs and a curved line at the base of her abdomen showing that she had borne several children, perhaps to project an image of fertility.
Examples of his work recovered from his abandoned studio can be viewed at the Neues Museum Berlin, the Cairo Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
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In 1920 the German maecenas Henri James Simon (1851-1932) bequeathed his stupendous Egyptian Art Collection to the Berlin Museum.
(Henri) James Simon (17 September 1851 – 23 May 1932) was a German entrepreneur, philanthropist and patron of the arts during the Wilhelmine period. He donated most of his significant collections to the Berlin State Museums, including the famous Nefertiti bust.
Born in Berlin the son of a well-off Jewish cotton merchant, Simon attended the Berlinisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster and received a six-month traineeship at Bradford, then a centre of textile manufacture, before he became a partner with his father in 1876. Though a reserved man, he played an influential role in the German society, especially by his participation at a regular roundtable with Emperor Wilhelm II. Simon and other invitees like Albert Ballin and Carl Fürstenberg as well as Emil and Walther Rathenau discussed economic life and tried to give the emperor an understanding of a Jewish perspective on social issues. Their close relationship with the erratic ruler was seen critical by Zionist contemporaries and the circle's participants were later mocked as the "Emperor's Jews" (Kaiserjuden).
Simon especially shared an interest for archaeology with the Wilhelm II and in 1898 was one of the founders of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft in collaboration with Wilhelm von Bode, and in 1901 the emperor himself assumed the auspices. In 1911 Simon provided the financing of Ludwig Borchardt's excavations at Pharao Akhenaten's city in Amarna, whereafter large parts of the found artefacts including the busts of Nefertiti and Tiye passed into his ownership, according to a 1913 partition treaty with the Egyptian Département des antiquités under Gaston Maspero. He added them to his private collections at his villa on Tiergartenstraße No. 15a, of which in his later years he dedicated various parts as permanent loans for public display, at first to the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum opened in 1904, the major donations to the Egyptian Museum followed in 1920.
James Simon died in Berlin and is buried at the Jewish cemetery on Schönhauser Allee in Prenzlauer Berg. Wilhelm II sent a wreath from his Dutch exile
Henri James Simon (1851-1932)
Ludwig Borchard
The famous German archaeologist Ludwig Borchard acquired the Tiy head in Cairo in 1905.
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